{"id":1352,"date":"2022-12-06T14:17:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T14:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/?p=1352"},"modified":"2022-12-06T14:17:41","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T14:17:41","slug":"bilingvismul-si-dezvoltarea-creierului-uman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/2022\/12\/06\/bilingvismul-si-dezvoltarea-creierului-uman\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilingvismul \u0219i dezvoltarea creierului uman"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>O limb\u0103 diferit\u0103 este o viziune diferit\u0103 asupra vie\u021bii.<\/p><cite>Federico Fellini<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Un <strong><em>copil bilingv<\/em><\/strong> \u00eenseamn\u0103 un copil ce de\u021bine un centru specific \u00een creier pentru limba \u00een cauz\u0103, adic\u0103 prezint\u0103 acelea\u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba o limb\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103 ca \u0219i \u00een cazul \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii limbii materne. Acest aspect denot\u0103 un bilingvism adev\u0103rat, ce poate fi realizat prin \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea unei alte limbi fa\u021b\u0103 de cea matern\u0103, la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 mai mic\u0103, de 2-3 ani. Acest lucru nu poate fi dezvoltat \u00een totalitate \u00een cazul copiilor care \u00eencep s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be o alt\u0103 limb\u0103 dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 7 ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eencepe \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea unei alte limbi de timpuriu, c\u0103ile neuronale se formeaz\u0103 \u0219i acest fenomen necesit\u0103 expuneri sistematice pentru a schimba modul de operare al creierului. \u00cenv\u0103\u021barea mai multor limbi permite conversa\u021bii \u0219i experien\u021be noi. De fapt, copilul poate \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba simultan dou\u0103 limbi \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput sau o poate \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba pe a doua de la v\u00e2rsta de 1 an, odat\u0103 cu achizi\u021bionarea unei p\u0103r\u021bi a limbajului matern. \u00cenv\u0103\u021barea unei alte limbi devreme are multiple avantaje, \u00een afar\u0103 de cel evident \u2013 copilul care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 de timpuriu va dezvolta abilit\u0103\u021bi superioare de comunicare \u00een limba respectiv\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Avantajele bilingvismului:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Cunoa\u0219terea unei alte limbi, ceea ce presupune comunicare mai bogat\u0103, mai structurat\u0103, o \u00een\u021belegere mai bun\u0103 a lumii \u0219i a culturii altor popoare, \u00een general.<\/li><li><strong>Copilul bilingv comunic\u0103 de fapt mai bine \u0219i \u00een limba matern\u0103<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>dec\u00e2t cel monolingv<strong>.<\/strong><\/li><li>Persoanele bilingve pot s\u0103 treac\u0103 mai u\u0219or de la o sarcin<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ziare.com\/viata-sanatoasa\/sarcina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0103<\/a> la alta \u0219i reu\u0219esc s\u0103 integreze mai rapid informa\u021biile noi.<\/li><li>A \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba de timpuriu dou\u0103 limbi stimuleaz\u0103&nbsp;<strong>capacit\u0103\u021bile cognitive<\/strong>&nbsp;ale copilului. Copiii bilingvi au o memorie, o aten\u021bie \u0219i o \u00een\u021belegere mai bine dezvoltate dec\u00e2t cei care au \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat doar limba matern\u0103.<\/li><li>Este bun pentru func\u021bionarea regiunilor frontale ale creierului pe parcursul \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii. Bilingvismul \u00eent\u00e2rzie apari\u021bia anumitor forme de demen\u021b\u0103 la persoanele v\u00e2rstnice.<strong> \u00cencetine\u0219te \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea cerebral\u0103,<\/strong>&nbsp;men\u021bin\u00e2nd creierul mai activ \u0219i chiar \u00eent\u00e2rzie cu c\u00e2\u021biva ani declan\u0219area bolii Alzheimer.<\/li><li>Cei bilingvi dezvolt\u0103 o<strong>&nbsp;g\u00e2ndire mai flexibil\u0103<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> fiind capabili s\u0103 treac\u0103 de la o sarcin\u0103 cognitiv\u0103 la o alta cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 proceseze \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 mai rapid informa\u021bii complexe.<\/li><li>Experien\u021ba bilingv\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te a\u0219a-numita \u201cfunc\u021bie executiv\u0103 a creierului\u201d, adic\u0103 sistemul de comand\u0103 care direc\u021bioneaz\u0103 procesele de aten\u021bie pe care le folosim pentru planificare, rezolvarea problemelor \u0219i efectuarea diverselor sarcini solicitante mental.<\/li><li>Multilingvismul \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te nu numai abilit\u0103\u021bile cognitive ale copiilor ci \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile lor sociale.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilingvismul poate fi de <strong>3 tipuri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u09ef<\/em><em><strong> <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>simultan<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 atunci c\u00e2nd copilul cre\u0219te cu p\u0103rin\u021bi care vorbesc dou\u0103 limbi diferite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u09ef<\/em><em><strong> <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>succesiv<\/strong><\/em><em> \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>atunci c\u00e2nd copilul \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 de mic a doua limb\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u09ef<\/em><em><strong> <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>tardiv<\/strong><\/em><em>, <\/em>c\u00e2nd cea de-a doua limb\u0103 se \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 6 ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De fapt, dac\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim mai bine, majoritatea copiilor din lume sunt multilingvi. P\u00e2n\u0103 la gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103 \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 limba matern\u0103 \u0219i poate c\u00e2teva c\u00e2ntecele \u00een limba englez\u0103. C\u00e2nd ajung la gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103 copiii vor vorbi una sau mai multe limbi diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de limba matern\u0103. La \u0219coal\u0103, \u00een cele mai multe cazuri, copiii \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o limb\u0103 \u00een plus fa\u021b\u0103 de cele deja \u00eenv\u0103\u021bate. \u00cen general copiii cresc \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u00e2nd 3,4 sau 5 limbi diferite. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O limb\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi canalizeaz\u0103 g\u00e2ndurile, poate da o form\u0103 a g\u00e2ndirii, vocabularul \u0219i gramatica diferitelor limbi d\u0103 fiec\u0103rui copil o experien\u021b\u0103 psihologic\u0103 diferit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Dezavantajele bilingvismului:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Poate contribui la apari\u021bia balbismului, doar \u00een cazul \u00een care este un factor de stres pentru copil<\/li><li>Exist\u0103 numeroase dovezi c\u0103, \u00een creierul unui bilingv ambele sisteme de limbaj sunt active, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd el folose\u0219te doar o singur\u0103 limb\u0103 \u0219i astfel se creeaz\u0103 situa\u021bii \u00een care un sistem \u00eel obstruc\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe cel\u0103lalt.<\/li><li>Pentru persoanele bilingve este mai dificil s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 un anume cuv\u00e2nt atunci c\u00e2nd poart\u0103 o conversa\u021bie pentru c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 schimbe limba \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103. Practic, \u00een capul lor are loc un&nbsp;<em>switch&nbsp;<\/em>continuu.<\/li><li>Se consider\u0103 c\u0103 un copil bilingv va vorbi mai t\u00e2rziu dec\u00e2t un copil care cre\u0219te cu o singur\u0103 limb\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea vorbirii se consider\u0103 a fi \u00een parametrii normali de dezvoltare.<\/li><li>Vocabularul unei persoane bilingve poate fi mai redus dec\u00e2t cel al unui monolingvist.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cheia bilingvismului \u021bine de latura afectiv\u0103. Adic\u0103, un copil care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 dou\u0103 limbi \u00eentr-un mediu echilibrat din punct de vedere afectiv nu are nicio problem\u0103 \u00een a deveni bilingv. Atunci c\u00e2nd este pus \u00een fa\u021ba unei situa\u021bii bilingve, copilul utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een mod incon\u0219tient acest filtru afectiv. \u00cenv\u0103\u021barea unei alte limbi presupune o dezvoltare rapid\u0103 a creierului la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 timpurie, p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de 6 ani, c\u00e2t timp creierul se dezvolt\u0103. Deci, prin \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea uneia sau mai multor limbi, copilul dob\u00e2nde\u0219te capacit\u0103\u021bi cognitive, necesare activit\u0103\u021bilor ce urmeaz\u0103 a le desf\u0103\u0219ura ulterior \u00een via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong><em>Bilingvismul este un privilegiu \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00eencurajat<\/em><\/strong><\/p><cite><strong><em>Claude Hag\u00e8ge<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O limb\u0103 diferit\u0103 este o viziune diferit\u0103 asupra vie\u021bii. Federico Fellini Un copil bilingv \u00eenseamn\u0103 un copil ce de\u021bine un centru specific \u00een creier pentru limba \u00een cauz\u0103, adic\u0103 prezint\u0103 acelea\u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba o limb\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103 ca \u0219i \u00een cazul \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii limbii materne. Acest aspect denot\u0103 un bilingvism adev\u0103rat, ce poate fi realizat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1354,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352\/revisions\/1354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logokids.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}